Diagnostics
Development of Perimetric Glaucoma and Outcomes of Interventions in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome With and Without Ocular Hypertension
Design: Retrospective cohort study
Journal: Ophthalmology
Authors: Fujita et al.
Among 369 patients (485 eyes) with pseudoexfoliation, 26.5% of eyes without ocular hypertension and 37.5% with ocular hypertension developed perimetric glaucoma within 4 years, with most cases occurring without documented IOP elevation at clinic visits. Older age, higher cup-to-disc ratio, ocular hypertension, and phakia were associated with higher risk, and standalone lens extraction reduced IOP by ~3 mmHg at 1 year.

Artificial Intelligence
Retinomics as a Tool for Glaucoma Prediction.
Design: Prospective UK Biobank cohort
Journal: Ophthalmology Science
Authors: Yusufu et al.
In a 40,949-participant UK Biobank cohort followed for ~12 years, combined retinal vascular and neural imaging (“retinomics”) strongly predicted incident glaucoma, with ~9-fold higher risk in the highest vs lowest risk group using only age, sex, and imaging features. These findings highlight retinomics as a simple, noninvasive tool for early glaucoma risk stratification, though validation in more diverse populations is needed.

Nutrition
Vitamin B intake is associated with lower incidence of open-angle glaucoma: the Rotterdam Study.
Design: Prospective population-based cohort
Journal: American Journal of Ophthalmology
Authors: van Haarlem et al.
Higher intake of vitamin B3 (niacin) and B12 was linked to a lower risk of developing open-angle glaucoma, along with trends toward lower IOP and better ganglion cell layer thickness; however, the observational design and reliance on a single baseline diet assessment limit conclusions about causality. Optimizing dietary intake or considering supplementation, especially in higher-risk patients, may be a simple adjunctive strategy for glaucoma prevention, but prospective trials are needed before routine recommendation.